Reflection Paper On The Culture - 1083 Words

As a beginning therapist it is important to recognize and have an understanding of the various cultures we may experience in practice. By having an understanding we can better understand and treat our clients that we see. In addition, it not only enhances our therapeutic relationships with our clients, but also enhances our knowledge on the various cultures that exist. For this paper I will interview a person that is from a different culture that I do not have knowledge on. With this interview my hope is to gain insight to the specific culture so I can be more aware of the practices of this culture and gain knowledge to successfully treat clients of this culture in the future. In addition, it will also allow me to gain more information on the person I am interviewing and have a closer look into their cultural worldview. Interviewee The person I decided to do the cultural interview was Faith, who is one of my fellow interns at my practicum site. Faith Identifies with Jewish culture. During the interview she described her culture as â€Å"a society of Jewish people around the world to identify and relate to†. Specifically, whenever she meets people in different places and they talk about birthright, she and the person instantly share a cultural connection. Birthright is a privilege that Jewish people have from birth to take a free trip to their native country Israel, to strengthen their Jewish identity, build an understanding and long lasting bond with Israel, and to reinforceShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Culture And Structure1309 Words   |  6 PagesReflection Paper Culture and structure do contribute to or reinforce racial inequality. Cultural traits which are among others the common outlooks, method of behavior, values, etiquette and beliefs that emanate from patterns of intragroup relations in situations brought about by discrimination and segregation. These traits are a reflection of collective experiences in those situations. Racism has in the past been one of the most rampant cultural frames in in the United States. It has also beenRead MoreReflection Paper On Color Culture890 Words   |  4 Pages White: Clean, basic Green: Soothing Black: Emptiness, bold 1) Compare your notes on color with the listings on the website for Color Culture. It’s eye opening to learn how color is interpreted around the world. As I compare my thoughts on color to that of different cultures I am amazed at the variety of connections that are made through this artistic aspect of life. It seems as if I have the closest connection to the psychological interpretations ofRead MoreDefining Culture And Self Reflection Paper Essay2216 Words   |  9 PagesDEFINING CULTURE AND SELF REFLECTION PAPER Sharmaine Pasalo University of Hawai’i at Manoa DEFINING CULTURE AND SELF REFLECTION PAPER An analysis of health management and how my culture intersects health management was done through the completion of addressing a health topic, creating a best practice action plan to address the health topic, creating a concept map, interviewing someone of a different culture as it relates to the health topic and reflecting on my culture and my health managementRead MoreReflection Paper About Media Culture1439 Words   |  6 Pagesll look back several years from now with a different outlook. In the meantime, think of this essay as a snapshot. For it will capture all my beliefs, goals, questions and viewpoints about communication. Part 1: My freshman year, I took Media Culture and Society with Dr. Baughman. It was the first time I saw human communication through a cultural lens. I already knew that it involved delivering information from one source to another. But this class taught me how those sources changed over timeRead MoreEssay on Socs 350 Entire Course Week 1 - 81370 Words   |  6 Pagescom/SOCS%20350/socs-350-entire-course-week-1-8 Product Description (SOCS 350 Cultural Diversity in the Professions - DeVry) SOCS 350 Week 1 Assignment Paper: Let’s Be Lefties for a Day SOCS 350 Week 1 Discussion 1 You Eat What?! SOCS 350 Week 1 Discussion 2 Some of My Best SOCS 350 Week 2 Course Project: Project Proposal SOCS 350 Week 2 Quiz (11 Questions Answers) SOCS 350 Week 2 Discussion 1 Culture is in the Air SOCS 350 Week 2 Discussion 2 Power Relationships SOCS 350 Week 3 Assignment: You Decide SOCS 350 Week 3Read MoreRole Of Hrm Over The Period Of Time1495 Words   |  6 Pagesjournal review of two human resources related articles: â€Å"Extending the Scope of Organisational Culture: the External Perception or an Internal Phenomenon† (MacIntosh and Doherty, 2007) and â€Å"Organisational Culture: An exploratory study comparing faculties’ perspectives within public and private universities in Malaysia† (Ramachandran, Ching and Ismail, 2010). This journal review is concluded by a reflection wherein the scholar expresses his experiences of the task. Next comes an essay which providesRead MoreThe Goals Of The Organizational Culture807 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Paper #1 For this week’s reflection paper I have decided to reflect upon how the goals of the business and the goals of the organizational culture are often not compatible, resulting in unethical business ethics. Due to the profit oriented goals of the business, components of organization culture often fail as they rely strongly upon personal morals of management and employees. As per our discussions in class, an ethical culture is â€Å"one in which employees are empowered and expected toRead MoreOntario School Council System Of Aboriginal Parental, Elder Of Native And Non Native Canadians762 Words   |  4 Pagesspecifically to Aboriginal children, youth and adults. In their paper â€Å"Spielraum and Teaching,† Roth, Lawless, and Masciotra claim that the concept of reflection-in-action, as articulated by Donald Schon (1983, 1987), is only minimally applicable to teaching. Teachers must be â€Å"present† to their students, and the unfolding teaching situation in a way that leaves little room for one-the-spot reflection. In this review of their paper, we acknowledge that the authors make important points about theRead MoreReflection of Humanities807 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Paper 1 By: Tenesha Blackmon Western history and civilization is of vast importance to understanding the great story of humanity. The study of the ancient civilizations has shown itself to me to be a new found interest as the journey of the course had lead me to see the magnificent accomplishments of mankind, and the possibilities of our potential; both in glory and darkness. In this reflection paper, I will look back upon the beginnings of our studies of the development of the earlyRead MoreMedia As the Mirror of Lebanese Culture1335 Words   |  5 PagesWhat kind of Mirror is the Media of Lebanese Culture? As we discuss media, we must also discuss the nature and function of art. A difference between art and media can be the process by which they are made. Yet in these modern days, the lines between media and art are not lines, but fractals or shapes only described by functions of calculus. That is to say that art and media are heavily intertwined in the 21st century. Some media is art; some art is media. A trait that media and art have in common

Greek And Tragedies Example

Essays on Greek And Tragedies Coursework The Relevance of Tragedies Today Tragedies retain their relevance in contemporary times, because the themes of human suffering, and mortality, remain a part of everyday life. The Relevance of Tragedies Today. The Greek tragedies, dating back to the sixth century B.C., are some of the earliest literary works in human history. While the Olympian Gods, the royal heroes, and masks, are far removed from the realities of contemporary life, we remain attracted to tragedies. Tragedies retain their relevance today because the main characteristics of the Greek tragedy - human suffering, and mortality, continue to be a part of human existence. Tragedies evoke an empathetic response in contemporary society, as the conflicts which constitute the plot of ancient Greek drama continue to be a part of our lives. Love, separation, ordeals and self-sacrifice are as relevant today as in the past. The intricacies of family relationships, and suffering, are very much the basis of existence. Tragedies sp eak strongly to human emotions, and we can empathize with the hero’s attempt to achieve some goal, the human frailty which contributes to his downfall and the bonds of love and hate which define the plot. The theme of human mortality, which runs through Greek tragedy, continues to underlie our lives today. In spite of our attempt to emphasize the existential philosophy of self-determination, and choice, we cannot help but suspect that we are in the grip of fates which we cannot evade. Finally, we have to confront the reality of our mortality and death. The modern-day hero can struggle to overcome obstacles, placed in his way by destiny or choice, but finally he is defeated by the doom of his own mortality. Humanity is drawn to tragedies, as they reflect man’s eternal quest to rise above his inherent frailty to reach out to the heights – of Olympus or of achievement. We continue to identify with the striving for perfection, and the reality of suffering, in ever yday life. As long as suffering, emotions and death remain a part of our lives, tragedies will continue to exert their fascination over our psyche. (Word Count: 315 words).

Breaking A Cultural Rule About Gender Free Essays

It is important to note important terms in this paper such as gender, gender roles and patriarchal society. Gender is a distinguishing form used to differentiate between a male and a female. Although gender is mostly referred by us as sex there is still a noticeable difference between the two terms. We will write a custom essay sample on Breaking A Cultural Rule About Gender or any similar topic only for you Order Now This difference is basically more on the fact that gender refers more to a social construction wherein sex refers to a biological condition. Gender roles are most commonly found in a particular social group or system. Gender roles refer to a set of behavioral norms that are usually connected with males or females. Of course, gender roles differ from one place to another. In most countries females are treated almost as an equal to that of males. However, there are still countries which remain rigid with their beliefs that men are superior to that of women and they even support the Platonic view that women are incomplete men. Of course these kinds of beliefs are the primary reasons why many women are enraged and thus many movements are formed which aims to liberate women from their restricted roles in the society. One may wonder why it is the case that even though many feminists movement already emerged, the successes of these movements are still considered limited. On my own viewpoint, I think the reason lies on the numbers of feminists’ movements that emerged. With so many forms of these movements, they find it hard to solidify themselves into one movement which would liberate women once and for all. Due to different beliefs and contrasting viewpoints, women themselves argue with each other as to what they should be fighting about. However, one common belief between these numerous groups of women lies on the fact that the cause of repression and marginalization among women lies within the patriarchal society. Patriarchal society emerged from the belief that fathers should be the one to take good care of the welfare of their family. It is through this that the belief that men should take the bulge of the responsibility for their community emerged. One can easily see the reason why women consider patriarchy to be the one to blame for their conditions. As for me, the only difference between a man and a woman lies on their biological differences, nothing more and nothing less. It is common knowledge that we are living in a society which is filled with rules and roles. There are things that only men can do as there are things that only women are expected to do. As a woman, the society expects you to be gentle and you should take care of your family in such a way that a woman must make sure that her family is well-feed, properly clothe and the like. Common expectations from men on the other hand lies on the fact that they are physically tougher than women and thus men are expected to act tough. Most men are afraid to show their weaknesses and they seldom cry even though they so wanted to. Men are also expected to take care of his family, though in a different way from that of a woman. The taking care expected from a woman is very minimal as compared to those from men. Women are expected to do the household chores, to cook the food that would feed her family and the like. Men on the other hand, are expected to provide the means or the resources needed by his family. Men should be the bread-winner in their family and this is primarily the reason why a man takes it hard when a woman feeds her family. This kind of scenario is most common in a family where the man can’t find a job and thus it fells on the woman’s responsibility to make sure that their family have the resources they need in order to survive. Most men can’t take this kind of living and their prides suffers great damage. Anyhow, such are most of the common gender rules our society are boxed in. It is from the examples stated above from where I got the idea of what kind of gender rule I should break. As a woman, if you want to be respected by the people around you, you should act the way a woman should. Of course there are many ways on which a woman can choose to act but a respectable woman is expected to act with finesse and she should not act loosely if she does not want to be treated like a slut. One can see how unfair it is that men can do what they want without worrying to what it could possibly cause them in most cases. For example, if a girl decides to have two or more boyfriends the society would brand her as a slut. If a guy on the other hand decides to have two or more girlfriends then he is considered great among his peers and it would not do much damage to his reputation as compared to the damage a similar act could inflict upon a woman. If a man was insulted he can easily take revenge by fighting back. A woman, on the other hand cannot do the same thing because it would be unwomanly to act in such a way. Of course women fighting each other are a natural phenomenon on slums and places of such sorts but women who had proper education are expected by their society to act in a more finesse manner. It was this kind of experience I would share in this paper. For this project I asked a friend of mine for her help. I asked her to pretend that we fell into a fight and that we should go on with our act for a number of days. This friend of mine which I would hide in the name Anne had been my friend for as long as I can remember and thus we have a common circle of friends. However, Anne is studying from a different school than mine and thus she’s got friends whom I don’t know as I do have mine. Now the scenario we decided to portray is to fool our friends into believing that we really fell into deep hatred with each other and this particular conflict could not be resolved in any way. The reason of the fight would be something really deep that both of us would not want to discuss with any of our friends. To make matters worse I would pretend that Anne has been doing things to me which I can’t tolerate wherein Anne on the other hand would appear weak in front of her friends and she would tell stories of how badly I acted with her. On the first day of our fight nobody really believed that we have been fighting each other. However, as the time moved our fiends slowly got into believing that we really are fighting with each other. Our first approach had been exchange of hurtful words but these did not convince our friends and so on our third day of acting we tried to act a little harsher and thus we ended slapping each other. Of course the slapping happened in a public place of all places and it is needless to say that the experience had been really embarrassing. It had been such a hard task fooling our friends but we finally convinced them when Anne and I got a little physical. There are so many things I’ve expected out of what happened. I expected that some of our friends would side with her wherein some would side with me. However there are also a number of things which occurred which I haven’t expected. Some of Anne’s friends from her school convinced Anne to wait for me on my way home and in order not to drop our act Anne let her friends convinced her. It was only through a text message that I’ve escaped from an encounter with her friends. Another thing I did not expect is a friend of mine which I would hide in the name Toby really sided with Anne at first. Toby called me after learning about what happened and he asked me how I managed to act in such a way. He even went as far as to say that he didn’t expect it from me of all people to act in such a way. However, after explaining my self Toby apologized and decided to stay neutral. He later said that what made him act rashly is the fact that Anne had been very pitiful in recounting her story. Of all the things which I’ve expected the only thing which happened is that out group of friends really divided themselves between Anne and me. However, there are some who remained neutral and worked themselves hard to bridge the gap between Anne and me. Of the experience I have learned how society treats catfights differently from male fights. Of course if male friends fell into dispute similar thing could also happen (splitting of friends, etc. ). However, male fights are more common than catfights especially if things get physical. My mother winded up with what happened and she really boxed my ears after learning of my fight with Anne. She then went on to lecture that an educated woman does not act in such a way and that it is very childish and unladylike of me to get myself involved in such a fight. Many hurtful things and judgment also befell on me and Anne that I am glad that our acting is finally over. Upon experiencing this I have learned that though women appears to be equal to that of their male counterparts nowadays, such is still not really the case. Men can do most things without ruining their name and reputations wherein a woman would have to endure demeaning words, stares and the like if she decided to act contrary to what was expected of her. In terms of fighting a guy is more justified to defend his self to that of a woman. When you are a guy you can do almost anything and people wouldn’t say a thing about it. You can pick a fight whenever you feel like it and people would only consider it natural some would even went as far as to say that he’s a real and admirable man to be able to handle such a fight and the like. Such things got no place for women and thus catfights are considered as a form of entertainment by some (based from my experience). Besides when I tried to justify myself by asking a friend of mine how is he different from me when he himself fights for what he believes in he answered that he is a man and I’m a woman as if that alone is answer enough. Such is the unfairness of the patriarchal society we are living in today. No wonder many oppose this kind of society. However, I believe that if women really want to get out of the box society put them into they should do so by giving up the benefits they enjoy in this kind of patriarchal society simply on the basis that they are a woman. Reference: http://www. britannica. com http://education. yahoo. com http://www. infoplease. com How to cite Breaking A Cultural Rule About Gender, Papers

Case Scenarion on Refugee Protection-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Case Scenarion on Refugee Protection. Answer: Introduction Australia has a refugee and humanitarian program that entitles persons already in Australia to apply for protection or asylum. The underlying factor to be considered in granting a protection visa is the manner in which the said individual or asylum seeker arrived in Australia. The Migration Act 1958 describes refugees as persons who are out of their home country and are afraid to return due to a well-founded fear of persecution as a result of race, political opinion, and religion, membership of a social group or nationality[1]. Though Dain did not arrive in Australia as a refugee, circumstances have changed in his home country, Gethaysia, and he fears going back home due to his condition which has been associated with devil worshipping. Change of circumstances, therefore, makes him a refugee in Australia. Australia is therefore obliged, in compliance with the Refugee convention to provide a protection visa to Dain which ensures that he is not returned to Gethaysia for fear of persecution for being associated with a certain social group as provided for under the Migration Act 1958. The hurdles that Dain is likely to be faced with in his application for protection are numerous, but he is capable of overcoming them. The most basic hurdle will be to bring himself and situation under the definition of a refugee[2]. The description and interpretation of who qualifies or can be referred to as a refugee was discussed in the High Court interpretation of the case of Chan (1989) and Ibrahim (2000). Dain, therefore, has to fall within the interpretation given in Chan (1989) and Ibrahim (2000) to access protection under the Migration Act 1958. The criteria for awarding a protection visa is provided under the Act[3] and is to the effect that every applicant for the said visa has to be a non citizen to whom a protection obligation is owed by Australia in accordance with the Refugee Convention and the subsequent amendment by the refugee protocol. The circumstances and happenings in Gethaysia in addition to the condition of Dain makes him an asylum seeker which is however not automatic. He has to prove the fear of persecution and imminent danger of harm on return[4]. There is a requirement that the individual must have arrived in Australia legally and has since engaged in Australias protection obligations. A protection visa entitles the applicant to live and work for gain in Australia as a permanent resident. Dain is capable of making a valid application for protection visa having arrived in Australia legally. He can apply for protection visa class XA (subclass 866) which will allow him to live and work in Australia permanently and therefore; he will not return to any form of denouncement due to heterochromia iridium in Gethaysia. Dain will be required to prepare and lodge his visa application by himself. He can also get assistance from migration agents, some exempt persons as well as advice from a government-funded scheme, the Immigration Advice and Application Assistance Scheme (IAAAS).[5] Before processing the application for a protection visa, Dain will be required to undergo health examination to protect his health and those of the Australian Community. The said health examinations are conducted by the Bupa Medical Visa Services which gives the applicant an identifier Identity Card. The only hurdle in successfully going through a health examination is the medical fees required to conduct the examination. However, Dain has been a resident of Australia, has made so many friends who can assist in helping him pay the medical examination fees.[6] The requirement as to the cost of acquiring a protection visa is also likely to pose a great challenge to Dain. Every applicant for a protection visa is required to pay up to AUD 35. Raising this money can be a challenge to Dain since he is still a student with no source of income. An applicant who does not pay the prescribed fee will have his application declined as invalid. However, there is a provision that the said amount can be paid by installments, a requirement which Dain can use to pay for the protection visa. Dain can also obtain assistance from the numerous friends he has made in Australia to assist him in paying the requisite fees required for grant of a protection visa.[7] There are character requirements that have to be met by Dain when applying for a protection visa. To ascertain the character traits of every applicant for a protection visa, an applicant is required to submit a police clearance certificate obtained from every country the applicant has lived for twelve (12) months in the last ten years preceding application for a visa and after the applicant turned 16 years old. The Immigration officials, however, have to ask the applicant for the police certificate before arrangements to procure and submit it to the immigration officials is done.[8] The decision to ask for a police certificate is determined on a case by case basis. The decision is informed by the reasons for seeking protection contained in the application form. Assuming that Dain is asked to provide a police certificate, it will be a big blow since he is afraid of going back to Gethaysia as his condition is associated with devil worshiping and he is likely to be killed. The immigration officials are unlikely to ask him for the police clearance certificate since it will be impossible to go back to Gethysia to process it.[9] Dain is likely to be exempted from providing the police certificate, and the character can be as well ascertained from confidential reports obtained from La Trobe University administration. There are also requirements as to identity. An applicant is required to give true and complete information about their identity, the nationality, and their citizenship. Dain might be faced with the challenge of obtaining authentic identity documents. There is information that the father is a Lostoewana citizen. This might pose a problem as to his identity and nationality especially if the father is traced and he claims paternity. The only information that Dain has to confirm his identity and nationality is the information from his mother. Since Dain was young and has not seen his father ever, it is only justifiable to conclude that he believed that he is a citizen of Gethysia on the information provided by the mother. There is, therefore, a possibility that Dain falls under the provisions of section 91M which permits a person capable of getting protection from a third country due to factors such as nationality or any other right that permits them to re-enter and reside in the third country. Application for protection visa can be declined on this ground and the applicant required to seek protection from the third country. However, Dain can overcome this hurdle by advancing the argument based on the provisions of the Act[10] because he has never resided in the third country even for a single day. He was born in Gethysia and has never set foot in the third county, Lostoewana. Dain has to satisfy the criteria for an award of a protection visa as stipulated under the Act[11].Dain falls under the description in section 36 (2) (aa). He, however, has the burden of proving the risk of and the probability of suffering significant harm. An individual would suffer significant harm where, as provided under section 36 (2A)[12], if: The individual is likely to be deprived of life arbitrarily A death penalty will be preferred on the individual The individual is likely to be subjected to torture, cruel or inhuman treatment or degrading punishment or treatment The treatment given to persons who possess the condition described as heterochromia iridium in Little Chailask falls within the criteria described in section 36 (2A). Such persons are accused of devil worshiping and are killed on the said accusations. Dain, therefore, satisfies the criteria for the award of a protection visa but the burden of proof lies on him to justify the claims and provide an authenticated source and evidence of his claims. Though the acquisition of evidence can be challenging, Dain can contact and rely on the information provided by the editor of the online version of Gethysias national daily newspaper to substantiate the claims of substantial harm. In the case of Minister of Immigration and Citizenship v SZQRB (2013) FCAFC 33, the minister for immigration was restrained from removing the asylum seeker to Afghanistan pending the legal assessment of his claims of perceived inhuman and torture treatment in Afghanistan. The court held that international Treaty Obligations had been affected by the jurisdiction error since the wrong legal test had been applied thus denying the applicant procedural fairness[13]. Therefore, an applicant for protection whose visa has been denied has recourse to apply to the court to have such decision reviewed. The agent of persecution in the case of Dain is the state. The state has even enacted an act of parliament referred to as the Protection of True Faith Act 1950 which protects persons who torture or kill persons suspected to be Satanist or devil worshippers. This is a ground that Dain can cling on as it supports his claim of persecution on return. The fact that Gethysia is a small country with a population of about 8 million makes it very easy for Dain to be identified and subjected to torture and degrading treatment. The government does not offer protection to victims but to persons accused of torturing others. There are no effective protection measures that the Minister for immigration can allege to exist in Gethyasia since the state is and forms part of the agents and perpetrators of inhuman treatment.[14] A permanent protection visa entitles the applicant to permanent residence within Australia, to work and study, enrolment in Australias Medicare, application for Australian citizenship upon qualification; travel to and from Australia and to sponsor relatives for residence in Australia provided that they are eligible. Dain, however, is required upon a successful grant of the protection visa to comply and observe all the protection visa conditions and obligations that the visa puts on him. A complaint of assault is a criminal offense that is categorized as very serious in Australia. A refugee who commits or is accused of having committed a criminal offense in Australia can be removed or deported from Australia, and their visas canceled by character grounds. The circumstances that warrant cancellation are set out under section 203 of the Migration Act 1958. Dains protection visa is likely to be canceled and be deported back to the country of origin. The Minister for Immigration has the powers under the Act [15] to deport a non-citizen accused of committing serious criminal offenses. Dain falls within the definition of a non-citizen because he had only acquired the protection visa class XA but had not applied to be granted Australian Citizenship. The deportation is justified by the fact that the person subject to deportation threatens national security. The visa is then canceled under the provisions of the Act[16] and removal of the person from Australia. Dain will be said to have failed the test as to character which therefore warrants the cancellation of his visa. The grounds that warrant a person to be said to have failed the character test include: The individual found to be having a substantial criminal record The individual has been convicted of any criminal offense There is suspicion that the individual has associated or is in association with someone accused of having committed a criminal offense The minister determines that the individual seems to be of bad character The minister believes that the individual if left in Australia is likely to engage in other criminal incidences and acts The effect of cancellation of a visa renders the person a non-citizen. The person cannot, therefore, be eligible to apply for another protection visa under section under section 48A[17]. However, the Minister can decide to lift the ban under the provisions of section 48B of the Migration Act which will afford the person an opportunity to apply for another protection visa. The provisions of section 48B are however applied discretionary by the minister, and the individual is not guaranteed that the minister might make a personal decision allowing him to apply for another protection visa. Where the immigration department decides to cancel a visa like in the case of Dain, he can apply and present his grievance before the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) for the decision to be reviewed on its merits. Such application to the AAT should, however, be made within nine days after receiving the notification of a visa cancellation under section 501 of the Migration Act 1958. Where an individual is not satisfied with the decision of the AAT, he can apply to the federal court as was in the case of Minister of Immigration and Citizenship v SZQRB (2013) FCAFC 33, the minister for immigration was restrained from removing the asylum seeker to Afghanistan pending the legal assessment of his claims of perceived inhuman and torture treatment in Afghanistan. The court held that international Treaty Obligations had been affected by the jurisdiction error since the wrong legal test had been applied thus denying the applicant procedural fairness[18]. Therefore, the consequences likely to be visited on Dain include visa cancellation and deportation. Where the Australian department decides to deport Dain, it will be inconsistent with international law on the treatment of refugees especially the principle of non refoulement. Countries have an obligation not to send refugees back to their countries where they have a well-founded fear of being subjected to inhuman treatment on the basis of religion, race, political opinion, membership of a social group or nationality. Cancellation of refugee visas under section 501 of the Migration Act 1958 therefore goes against the provisions of section 33 (2)[19] of the Refugee convention that places an obligation on states to protect the rights of asylum seekers. In addition to the Refugee Convention, Australia is also bound by other human rights treaties especially the International convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (CAT).[20] Therefore, the visa cancellation or deportation of Dain for breach of visa conditions or obligations, therefore, is inconsistent with Australian international obligations under the Refugee Convention, ICCPR, and CAT. Conclusion In conclusion, therefore, Dain fits within the definition of a refugee as provided under section 5 of the Migration Act 1958. He can, therefore, apply and obtain a protection visa class AX (Subclass 866) which will allow him to stay permanently in Australia and work in the country. However, if he engages in criminal acts or omissions, the said protection visa can be canceled by the Minister for Immigration under section 48A. International treaties do not offer effective protection to Dain as states can act against the Refugee Convention, ICCPR or CAT especially where the asylum seeker is a threat to the security of the said state. References Allain, Jean. "The jus cogens Nature of non?refoulement."International Journal of Refugee Law13.4 (2001): 533-558. Catrina Cook, Laying Down the Law (Cambridge University Press, 2014) Crock, Mary.Immigration and refugee law in Australia (Federation Press, 2008) Dauvergne, Catherine.Making people illegal: What globalization means for migration and law (Cambridge University Press, 2008) Duffy, Aoife. "Expulsion to face torture? Non-refoulement in international law"International Journal of Refugee Law20.3 (2008): 373-390. Feller, Erika, Volker Trk, and Frances Nicholson, eds.Refugee protection in international law: UNHCR's global consultations on international protection. (Cambridge University Press, 2003) Foster, Michelle.International refugee law and socio-economic rights: refuge from deprivation. Vol. 51 (Cambridge University Press, 2007) Goodwin-Gill, Guy S. "The right to seek asylum: Interception at sea and the principle of non-refoulement."International Journal of Refugee Law23.3 (2011): 443-457. Goodwin-Gill, Guy S., and Jane McAdamThe refugee in international law (Oxford University Press, 2007) Lambert, Helene. "International refugee law" (Cambridge University Press, 2010) McAdam, Jane. "Complementary protection in international refugee law"Order60 (Oxford University Press, 2007) McFerran, Ludo.Taking back the castle: how Australia is making the home safer for women and children. Australian Domestic Family Violence (Clearinghouse, UNSW, 2007) Stephen Hall, Principles of International Law, (Lexis Nexis, 2016) Williams, George.The case for an Australian Bill of Rights: freedom in the war on terror. (UNSW Press, 2004) White, Derek N., et al. "International Refugee Law."Int'l Law.47 (2013): 349. List of Cases Minister of Immigration and Citizenship v SZQRB (2013) FCAFC 3 List of Acts and Conventions Migration Act 1958 Protection of True Faith Act 1950 Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (CAT) International convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Crock, Mary.Immigration and refugee law in Australia (Federation Press, 2008) 31 Migration Act 1958 s 5 Migration Act 1958 s 36(2) Foster, Michelle.International refugee law and socio-economic rights: refuge from deprivation. Vol. 51 (Cambridge University Press, 2007) 23 Foster, Michelle.International refugee law and socio-economic rights: refuge from deprivation. Vol. 51 (Cambridge University Press, 2007) 75 Dauvergne, Catherine.Making people illegal: What globalization means for migration and law (Cambridge University Press, 2008) 7 McAdam, Jane, Complementary protection in international refugee law Order60 (2007) 48 Lambert, Helene, International refugee law (2010) 27 McFerran, Ludo.Taking back the castle: how Australia is making the home safer for women and children. Australian Domestic Family Violence (Clearinghouse, UNSW, 2007) 12 Migration Act 1958 s 91N (2) (b) Migration Act 1958 s 36 Migration Act 1958 Minister of Immigration and Citizenship v SZQRB (2013) FCAFC 33 Goodwin-Gill, Guy S., and Jane McAdamThe refugee in international law (Oxford University Press, 2007)4 Migration Act 1958 s 202 203 Migration Act 1958 s 501 Migration Act 1958 s 48A Minister of Immigration and Citizenship v SZQRB (2013) FCAFC 33 International Convention Williams, George.The case for an Australian Bill of Rights: freedom in the war on terror. (UNSW Press, 2004)